definindo o efeito do café na pressão arterial

Definindo o efeito do cafe na pressao arterial

Habitual coffee consumption and risk of hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies¹,²,³

1. Zhenzhen Zhang, 
2. Gang Hu, 
3. Benjamin Caballero, 
4. Lawrence Appel, and
5. Liwei Chen

• ↵2 Supported by Louisiana State University Health Science Center, School of Public Health (to ZZ and LC); Pennington Biomedical Research Center (to GH); and the Center for Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (LA and BC).
• ↵3 Address correspondence to L Chen, Program of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, 1615 Poydras Street, Suite 1400, New Orleans, LA 70112. E-mail: lchen@lsuhsc.edu.

Abstract

Background: In 2 meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials, increased coffee intake was associated with slightly higher blood pressure. However, these trials were short in duration (<85 d="d" p="p">

Objective: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses of long-term prospective studies that examined the association of habitual coffee consumption with risk of hypertension.

Design: We searched electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Agricola, and Cochrane Library) through August 2009 with the use of a standardized protocol. Eligible studies were prospective cohort trials that examined the association of coffee consumption with incident hypertension or blood pressure.

Results: From 6 prospective cohort studies, a total of 172,567 participants and 37,135 incident hypertension cases were included. Mean follow-up ranged from 6.4 to 33.0 y. Compared with the lowest consumption [<1 0.96="0.96" 1.01="1.01" 1.07="1.07" 1.08="1.08" 1.09="1.09" 1.18="1.18" 1.20="1.20" 1.21="1.21" and="and" category="category" ci:="ci:" cup="cup" cups="cups" d="d" for="for" higher="higher" highest="highest" hypertension="hypertension" ml="ml" next="next" pooled="pooled" relative="relative" risks="risks" s="s" second="second" the="the" were="were">5 cups/d). A dose-response meta-analysis showed an inverse “J-shaped” curve (P for quadratic term < 0.001) with hypertension risk increasing up to 3 cups/d (RR for comparison of 3 with 0 cups/d: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.20) and decreasing with higher intakes (RR for comparison of 6 with 0 cups/d: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.10).

Conclusion: The results suggest that habitual coffee consumption of >3 cups/d was not associated with an increased risk of hypertension compared with <1 1="1" 3="3" a="a" appeared="appeared" associated="associated" be="be" consumption="consumption" cup="cup" cups="cups" d.="d." d="d" elevated="elevated" however="however" light-to-moderate="light-to-moderate" of="of" p="p" risk="risk" slightly="slightly" to="to" with="with">

• Received September 9, 2010.
• Accepted March 7, 2011.